Re: I have several EXPLOSIVE questions....
Use an engine that is meant to be a booster, it will have no ejection charge. If you are using Estes brand engines, the last digit will be a zero ie, D12-0. On top of that place a small amount of black powder. Split the end of your fuse (the end you intend to ignite) and make sure it is in the powder. Compact some tissue paper in the top of the engine to hold everything in place. When the engine burns out the powder will ignite, hence igniting the fuse.
Yes, thermite can be ignited via sparklers, ground up sparkler material as well will do it. I'd use equal parts of each and use black powder to help initiate the material from the sparklers. It's not really as hot as typical thermite, but close enough and it has worked for me.
A solution means one chemical is dissolved in another, just rid of the solvent. Just let the contents of the bag evaporate, the salt remaining will be sodium chlorate. There may be other salts in their as well, is it in a saline solution or distilled water?
Al foil to make thermite? Dissolve as much Al as you can into hydrochloric acid. Suspend a piece of Magnesium in the solution. The Mg will go into solution and powdered Al will come out. This is expensive and at the cost of Mg, a metal more valuable in this area than Al.
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