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Better Living Through Chemistry Discussions of any and all sorts of mind-warping chemicals, pills, booze, mind machines, trippy stuff, current street prices, importing pharmaceuticals, smart drugs, nutrients, herbs, and altered states. Please try to keep your conversations "theoretical" in nature, since this is an open conference.

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 #1 
Old 2008-07-17, 21:40
Aerogone Aerogone is offline
Regular
 
Default Free-base Nicotine. RE: dear dumb-asses.

I know this for a fact, as i came across a similar study when i was writing/studying a paper(s), regarding the pharmacological differences between the different salts of a particular pharmaceutical.

I happened to come across a similar study such as this one, and was intrigued.

So, to all who falsely claimed to intravenously inject cigarettes(as a joke) in the other thread.

https://www.totse.com/community/showthread.php?t=2142858

-4 :o
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The study:

Some cigarettes have a "kick" containing 35 times more "freebase" nicotine - the most addictive form - than others, researchers have found. The findings could help rate the addictiveness of different brands, they say.

"Free-base" nicotine is a particularly potent form of the naturally-occurring tobacco drug because it is in an extremely volatile, uncombined form. This means it can be much more rapidly absorbed by the lungs and brain than nicotine derivatives such as nornicotine or its salts.

The new study is the first into the amount of "free-base" nicotine contained in common brands of cigarettes and found wide-ranging differences. The researchers at Oregon Health and Science University used a laboratory smoking device and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer to collect and analyse smoke from 11 brands of cigarettes. The study measured the first three puffs of smoke from each cigarette.

"Measurements ranged from about one per cent free-base nicotine in the first few puffs to 36 per cent for a specialty US brand," says lead researcher James Pankow. "One type of Marlboro, the leading US brand of king-sized filter cigarettes, contained about 10 per cent free-base nicotine."

Crack cocaine
Previous research has shown that a drug's addictiveness is influenced by the speed at which it is delivered to the brain and absorbed into and from the blood stream.

"The study shows that the modern cigarette does to nicotine what crack does to cocaine," says addiction expert Jack Henningfield, at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The notorious addictiveness of smoking crack results from the vapourised cocaine reaching the brain almost immediately.

Ian Jones, a nicotine expert at Bath University, UK, adds: "Free-base nicotine is the most damaging form because it is the optimal configuration for binding to the nicotine receptors in the brain, heart and rest of the body. If the binding efficiency is increased, it means the concentration of nicotine at the receptors is higher and so it is very addictive."

"The first few puffs are the most important in terms of addiction, because nicotine reaches the brain within seconds," Jones told New Scientist


Ammonia and urea
The amount of freebase nicotine in cigarette smoke increases as the alkalinity, or pH, increases. This factor can be influenced by the use of certain additives. "It is likely that ingredients such as ammonia and urea account for this addiction-enhancing effect. But you can also adjust the chemistry of the smoke by adjusting the blend. Some types of tobacco give a more basic blend," Pankow told New Scientist.

"There was tremendous amount of documentation revealed during litigation in the US of manipulation of the freebase levels and the FDA certainly believed there was manipulation of cigarette chemistry," he adds.

"What is clear is that the modern cigarette is a highly engineered nicotine delivery device and it's not just a matter of tobacco rolled-up in a piece of paper," Pankow says. "Even the so-called 'additive-free' cigarettes are highly engineered."

Journal reference: Journal of Chemical Research in Toxicology (DOI: DOI: 10.1021/tx0340596)
 #2 
Old 2008-07-17, 21:54
Regular
 
Canuckistan
Default Re: Free-base Nicotine. RE: dear dumb-asses.

you want a fucking sticker?
 #3 
Old 2008-07-17, 21:57
Waterparkssuck Waterparkssuck is offline
Regular
 
Default Re: Free-base Nicotine. RE: dear dumb-asses.

Quote:
Originally Posted by stefan
you want a fucking sticker?


The only "sticking" I do is when I shoot up cigarettes!
 #4 
Old 2008-07-18, 03:20
steve-o13 steve-o13 is offline
Regular
 
Default Re: Free-base Nicotine. RE: dear dumb-asses.

It's a conspiracy!
 #5 
Old 2008-07-18, 03:22
Regular
 
Bmore N'guh
Default Re: Free-base Nicotine. RE: dear dumb-asses.

Better load up the rig then... Ahhhhh!
 #6 
Old 2008-07-18, 14:27
Moderator
 
Connecticut
Default Re: Free-base Nicotine. RE: dear dumb-asses.

no shit a cigarette is a highly sophisticated nicotine delivery system. why would people get so pissed when they don't have their smoke of choice?
 
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